“情态动词＋have done”表示对过去情况的推测或估计，是历年高考的热点。现就这一语言现象作如下归纳：
1． should (ought to) have＋过去分词
表示过去应该做而（实际）没有做的事情,含有责备或遗憾的语气，意为“本应该……”；其否定形式为“should not／ought not to have ＋ 过去分词”，表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。
Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting , but he didn’t’ show up. （04’广西卷）
A. should have arrived B. should arrive
C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving
[解析]本题中的一个关键词but暗示了“Mr. White按道理理应到了，而他没有到”。故答案选[A]。
2．needn’t have＋过去分词
表示过去没有必要做某事, 但实际上做了某事。
As you worked late yesterday, you_________ have come this morning. (06’陕西卷)
A. mayn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
[解析] He needn't have come，表示“他本没有必要来（实际却来了）”，根据句意，答案应选[D]。
[注意] He didn't need to come yesterday，意为“他昨天没有必要来（实际也没来）”。
3．must have＋过去分词
用于肯定句，表示“过去一定做过某事”，表示一种很有把握的推测。
[注意] 对过去发生情况的否定推测常用can’t／couldn’t have ＋过去分词。
I have lost one of my gloves. I ________ it somewhere . （05’北京春季）
A. must drop B. must have dropped
C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped
[解析]本题应选B。本题的前一句说明一个结果，后一句则表示一个原因。
I _______have been more than six years old when the accident happened. （05’天津卷）
A. shouldn't B. couldn't C. mustn't D. needn't
[解析]从题意上分析，本题的前一句陈述一个理由，后一句则是由前一句得出的结论。故本题选[B] 。
4．may／might have＋过去分词
表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的可能性推测，表示“过去可能／大概已做了某事”；否定句表示“过去可能还没有做某事”。
We have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years. (06’天津卷)
A. needn’t B. may not C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t Key:[B]
5．can／could have＋过去分词
表示“过去本来可以做某事，但实际上没有做”；否定句表示“不可能已做了某事”；疑问句表示“可能／也许已做了某事吗？”。
--- I stayed at a hotel while in New York .
--- Oh, did you? You ＿＿＿＿ with Barbara． (NMET’98)
A. could have stayed B. could stay
C. would stay D. must have stayed Key: [A]
巩固性练习：从A、B、C、D中选择最佳答案。
1．---You didn’t wait for Mr. Smith last night, did you?
---No, but we ______. He didn’t return home at all.
A. couldn’t have waited B. needn’t have
C. didn’t need to D. should wait
2．Harry ______ have won the Physics competition easily yesterday, but he gave up.
A. could B. might C. should D. must
3．---May I speak to your manager Mr. Smith at six o’clock tonight ?”
---“I’m sorry, Mr. Smith to a conference before then.”
A. will have gone B. had gone C. would have gone D. has gone
4．---Tom took away our teacher’s cell phone without being permitted.
--- Really? I can’t imagine that he _______ have done such a thing.
A. must B. may C. can D. should
5．--- Was it you that made the suggestion?
--- It have been. I can’t remember.
A. need B. must C. should D. may
6．The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I_________ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me .
A. should have taken B. could have taken
C. needn't have taken D. mustn't have taken
7．He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free.
A. could B. would C. must D. need
8．I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She at the meeting .
A. mustn’t have spoken B. mightn’t have spoken
C. can’t have spoken D. shouldn’t have spoken
9．--- Hi, is that Peter Brown?
---Sorry. You ______ the wrong number .
A. must dial B. must have dialed C. should dial D. should have dialed
10．I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car . They ______ at least 150 kilometers an hour .
A. should have been doing B. must have been doing
C. could have done D. would have done
Keys for reference： 1---5 CAADD 6---10 CACBB |
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