不同的“影响”
affect v. 影响,打动
★多指外来的行为、作用等产生的影响。常侧重影响的原因。
◎宾语通常是表示受影响的人或事物的名词短语。如:
The disease is affecting his eyesight. 这种疾病正在影响他的视力。
Some plants are quickly affected by cold. 有些植物对寒冷很敏感。
He was affected in character by the environment. 他的性格受到了环境的影响。
My opinion was affected by the development of events.
我的看法受到事态发展的影响。
effect
★常指外来的行为、作用或采用某种方法而产生某种效果或后果;也指某种预期目的等的实现。侧重影响的结果。
◎作动词,意为“实现,产生”,宾语通常是表示事物的名词短语。通用用于正式文体。如:
I will effect my purpose; no one will stop me.
我一定要实现我的目标,谁也阻止不了我。
◎作可数名词或不可数名词,后可接of, on或upon引导的介词短语。如:
The effects of the illness were not serious. 那种疾病的影响并不严重。
The speech did not have much effect upon them.
那次讲话对他们起不了多大作用。
influence
★通常指通过劝说、榜样或行为,间接地、无形地影响某人的思想或行为。
◎作动词,宾语通常是表示人、思想、性格、行为等的名词短语。
Don’t be influenced by bad examples. 不要受坏样的影响。
The body and mind influence each other. 肉体和精神相互影响。
It’s clear that her painting has been influenced by Picasso.
很明显,她的画是受到了毕加索的影响。
◎作可数名词或不可数名词,常后接on, upon, over, with引导的介词短语。如:
A teacher has great influence over his pupils. 教师对学生有巨大影响。
He was under the influence of Zola. 他曾受到左拉的影响。
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